Eye solved sendup Seqz

Thanks to Ramla Farooq for solving.

EYE
EYELID:
A boy of 10 yrs presented with severe drooping of eyelid since birth with poor levator excursion,causes?how wil u evaluate this problem?What wil b the best surgical ption to treat this case.
Since birth means congenital, so it could be either of Blepharophimosis,jaw winking ptosis, horner's syndrome, nerve paresis or tumors like neurofibroma, rhabdomyaosarcoma. Poor function requires BROW SUSPENSION procedures.


A young man working in chemical factory presented in eye OPD with installation of some chemical in both eyes.emergency treatment?Give medical treatment of grade 2 and 3 injury,complications which can develop if he is not treated?
Normal saline irrigation, irrigation with suitable acid or alkali, removal of particulate matter, double eversion of lid, removal of devitalized tissue.
Complications and treatment same as in book.

A 70 yr old man presented with persistent irritation andwatering R/E for the last 3 months,On examination there was inward rolling of lower lid and rubbing of conjunctiva by lashes.
Whats diagnosis and D/D?
Pathophysiology?
Complications?(RMC)
Senile entropion. dd is trichiasis.
over riding of preseptal over pretarsal part of orbicularis oculi.
complications can be conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer,epithelial defects in cornea.

ERRORS OF RERRACTION
A 14 yr old boy presented with rt.eye vision of 6/36 and left eye vision of 6/6 after maximum correction retinoscopy,shows fundus and anterior chamber is normal,Rt eye=+5D in both axis and lt.eye=+1.5D in both axis.
Whats ur diagnosis
What r different types of this condition.
Classify squint types.
What r different refractive errors types(NSMC)
hypermetropia.
axial, positional, index, curvature-- types.
eso/exotropias, eso/exophorias, paralytic, non paralytic,incyclo/excyclotropia, hypo/hypertropia.
myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, presbiopia.

A 25yr old male presented with gradual decrease in vision,On examination visual acuity was 6/12 ib rt.eye and 6/36 in left eye which increased on pinhole test.D/Ds,How will u evaluate refractive error,What r themost modern methods of myopia correction.MMDC
astigmatism, may be hypermetropia too.
evaluate any type of ref.error by by KERAOMETRY, A scan, fundus examination,and DIAGNOSE it by retinoscopy.
Most modern methods can be LASIK ans LASEK.


A 14yr old boy presented withrt.eye vision of 6/36 and lt.eye vision of 6/6 after simple correction retinoscopy,shows fundus and ant.chambers normal.Rt eye=+5D in both axes and lt.eye=+1.5 D in both axes
Whats diagnosis?what r different types of this condition?What r different refractive errors,classify types of squint?(SZMC)

---Whats ametropia?types?treatment?(SIMS)
REPEATING.. a-metropia is other word for refractive errors.

Write short notes on use of laser in ophthamology?Surgical management of myopia?(UMDC)
LASERS used in:
glaucoma treatment (ALT/DLT)
NdYag laser
Lasek and Lasik for refractive errors
laser thermotherapy for retinobalstoma
surgical man.of myopia is:
radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratometry, LASEK or LASIK


--A 25 yr old lady using concave glasses of -6 diopters
what is this condition called?
What r possible complications?
what other treatment modilities can benefit her
Myopia, prone to develop POAG and posterior staphyloma, retinal detachment, macular hemorrhage.
mentioned in above quest,..just add concave lens

CONJUNCTIVA
A young girl presented with itchy red eyes with mucoid discharge following exposure to dust
diagnosis?
drugs used to treat?
complications and their treatment?(CPMC)
Allergic conjunctivitis (same as in book)

-A 6 months old baby presented with purulent discharge since birth.
disgnosis?
which mechanism may cause the same?
treatment?(CPMC)
ophthalmia neonatorum i think.

A 45 yr old presented with burning and redness of eye of both eeyes for last 3 days.On examination theres watery discharge,follicular conjunctival reaction,and painful preauricular lymph nodes
Whats most likely diagnosis
How will u manage this case
What complications can occur(UMDC)
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. (same as in book)


--A 50 yr old man presents with fleshy red fibrovascular encroachment onto cornea from nasal side in exposed palpebral conjuctive,
Probabale diagnosis?what do u think this phenomenon is due to?Name atleast 3 surgical procedures.(WMC)
Ptrerygium, dry dusty environment etc, surgery by:
sclera base technique
conjunctival autograft
amniotic membrane grafting.

--A mother presented her 8 yr old child having red and watrey eyes,boy was having alot of itching and perilimbal conjunctiva was swollen with white dots upon it.
Diagnosis?
treatment?
Complications of this disease?(RMC)
Spring catarrah (vernal catarrah) white dots are TRANTA's dots.
(rest same as in book)


A pt with defecctive night vision visits OPd,diagnosis?typical signs in fundus?(WMC)
Vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, POAG, peripheral cortical cataract. Fundal findings i think Ret.Pig.ki honi chahyen.

Ayoung lady belonging to a low socio-economic background presented with mild mucopurulent discharge from both eyes from the last 2 weeks.Ordinary antibiotic drops didnot relieve it.On examination there was diffuse papillary reaction with a line of follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva.
Diagnosis?
Lab Investigations?
Treatment?(RMC)
Arlt's line.. TRACHOMA. (book)


A 15yr old boy presented with severe watering and itching of both eyes in spring season.Diagnosis?clinical features?treatment?
Spring catarrh.

A 10yr old boy presented in OPD with complaints of itcjing,watering and photophobia and these syptoms r more marked in spring each yr,By everting the upper E,tarsal conjunctiva shows flat topped polygonal shaped raised lesions,Diagnosis?corneal complications which can develop?how will u treat him?
Vernal/spring catarrah. They are cobble stone papillae so yes.


A young boy complains of redness of both eyes associated with mucopurulent discharge of both eyes for 4 days.
diagnosis
treatment(CMC)
Its mild bacterial conjuctivitis. Mucoprulent in chlamydial as well, but since koe specific feature nae uska so thats possibly a no.

-A young boy is known asthmatic since childhood,He gets recurrent attacks of irrittation,photophobia and redness since long.
Give diagnosis and all possible signs of diagnosis(FMH)
Vernal cKerato conjunctivitis or simply allergic speaking broadly.

An area hasbeen declared 'endemic'for trachoma by health authorirties,Nam emeasures which can b taken 4 its prevention.(CMC)
Maintenance of ocular and genital hygiene, protection from flies, destroy breeding places of flies, over crowding should be avoided.

CORNEA
A 40 yr old male presented with watering and photophobia of lt.eye.on examination visual acuity was 6/60 and corneal haze and circumcorneal congestion with corneal ulcer.How wil u examine case on slit lamp?diagnosis?
flouresein staining. Keratitis

-A young farmer sustained eye injury by a plant shot which he took as trivial,However lacrimation and pain went on increasing in the subsequent days.
Which necessary test is done on slit lamp to confirm the diagnosis of corneal ulcer.
Name atleast 2 culture media of interest in such a case?
What r complications of corneal ulcer?(RMC)
Agricultural products cause Fungal keratitis. Fluorescein again.
Sabourad's agar, KOH, red cell agar
(book)

A young man comes to clinic with history of forign body sensation,watering,photophobia in rt.eye,he consulted a local physician who gave some topical drops,On slit light examination there was dendritic lesion on cornea which stained with florescein dye.
probable diagnosis?
what ohter features do u expect to notice in such type of corneal lesion
management(CPMC)
HSV- dendritic ulcer.(book)


--An 85 year old male comes to u with the complaints of redness,watering an dpain of right eye,On examination there is dendritic and punctuate lesions in the right cornea staining with florescein,
What is ur diagnosis,
d/d,
classify corneal ulcer?(NSMC)
same dendritic ulcer..HSV
dd could be herpes zoster, acathemoba keratitis etc.
classify be etiology mainly (book)

A male pt of 35 yrs complaind of lacrimation,photophobia and redness in his rt eye for last 1 wk.Examination shows branch like corneal lesion.He has H/O fever 2 weeks ago.provisional diagnosis?How will u confirm the diagnosis?Name 2 drugs used to treat this condition.PMC
That seems to be geographical corneal ulcer. 


Give management of unilateral cornela ulcer in2 yr old( UMDC)
It should be herpes simplex keratitis, UNILATERAL SCARRING.

Write notes on(UMDC)
management of keratoconus
indications of keratoplasty
(book)



-A 16 yr old boy with the history of allergic conjunctivitis for about 6 yrs,presented with gradual deterioration of vision in both eyes,Hes already using high minus glasses,but not satisfied bcs theres rapid change in glasses prescription,On torch light examination both corneas look clear but conical.
Probable diagnosis?Name 2 ocular and 2 systemic associations of this condition?what r steps of management?(WMC)
keraotoconus; allergic conjunctivitis, aniridia, ret.pig associated ocular
atopic dermatitis, Marfan's, osteogenesis imferfacta systemic.
(book)

An 85 yr old male comes to u with redness,pain,watering of rt.eye.On examination theres puctate and dedndritic lesions on rt cornea,staining with florescein.
Diagnosis?D/D?classification of corneal ulcer(SZMC)
HSV-keratitis, (rest is repetition)


-A midddle aged man presented with photophobia,lacrimation and pain and dimness in rt.eye.On examination of cornea there was central corneal geographical ulcer
diagnosis
complication
Dendritic ulcer again.


---A young girl is contact lens user,She accidently slept with them on and later complained of redness,photophbia,lacrimation blurred vision.Corneal ulcer is sspected.
Give treatment and complications if left untreated.(FMH)
Under the heading of bacterial corneal ulcer, same as in book.

OPTIC NERVE
A 30 yr old female presented in eye OPD preesnted with sudden decrease in vision and impaired colour vision in rt.eye.On examination rt.eye shows Rapid afferent pupillary defect and vision of lt.eye is normal.Diagnosis(optic neuritis),What will b the investigations to reach the diagnosis?treatment?SMC
perimetry, VEP's, MRI brain, blood cp n esr, serological tests for multiple sclerosis etc. Rest as in book.


-A 55 yr old lady presented in eye OPD with h/o severe early morning headache and projectile vomiting.On ophthalmoscopy,optic discs sof both eyes are swollen and congested
D/D
Most imp investigation
Diff b/w papillitis and pappiledema(CMC)
Diag..papilloedema
dd is papillitis, neuroretinitis, retrobulbar neuritis.
(book)

A 90 yr old male comes to u with sudden loss of vision of lt.eye.extraocular movements r painful.RAPD is positive in lt.eye and fundus is normal.
Diagnosis?
Causes of Papilledema?
management?(SZMC)
Optic neuritis.
(book)

CATARACT
---An old lady of 70 yrs is admitted for cataract surgery.
What r pre-operative investigations to b done?
Nmae surgical procedures available?
What r early-post operative complications?(RMC)
Ocular exam, Visual function tests, systemic examination and then specific investigations like blood cp or esr, blood sugar, urine re,CXR, B scan, (book)

--A 65yr old male presented in eye OPD with H/O gradual painless deterioration of vision in both eyes for the past 2 years
D/Ds
post operative complications of cataract surgery
(theres another question but its not really visible in the pic)(CMC)
cataract keratoconus, corneal degeneration, optic atrophy, ARMD, diabetic retinopathy.
(book)



-A middle aged pt of chronic uveitis has rt eye vision 6/24 and lt.eye vision 6/9.Slit light experiment shows that rt.eye has post.subcapsular lenticular opacities.It is decided that catract surgery wud b done and with IOL implant.What surgical technique u will use and y?What ocular measurements will u record to calculate IOL power.Mention 4 intraocular complications that cud develor during surgery.(ICCE)SMC Why icce?? why not phaco?
axial length by A scan, calculation of power of lens by biometry. Rest as in book.

A 1 yr old child brought to u in OPD with bilateral white pupils,on examination with B-scan ant and post chamber r normal.
Diagnosis?causes of leucocoria?causes of congenital cataract?(SZMC)
Congenital cataract.
(book--both)

PMC_______
---A male normotensive non diabetic 65 yrs of age complains of gradual painless blurring of vision,On examinations both pupils r white,His vision is reduced to counting fingers on both sides and his IOP is normal and both pupils react to light.
Provisional diagnosis?
complications occuring if left untreated?
different surgical methods to treat?
Enumerate 4 problems during surgical procedure
Senile cataract. If left untreated, gradual painless loss of vision is occuring and total blindness will be there. If it has completely matured or hyper mature, then phacolytic glaucoma.
(book--both)

A 65 yr old lady gives history of cataract surgery 2 yrs ago,She ahs preented with marked blurring and redness for 12 hours,On examination theres hypopyon in the ant.chamber and ant.vitreous is full of cells.
diagnosis?
management?
enumerate 4 most common intraoperative cataract surgery complications.(CPMC)
Auto immune mediated acute iridocyclitis.
manage by pain relief, treat underlying cause and prevent complications (rest as in book)



-A 50 yr male presentde in OPD eye for routine examination,Onexamination vision was 6/6 in both eyes and IOP was 36mmHG,On examination ant.chambers were deep and both pupils were slow in reacting to light.provisional diagnosis.What wil b the fundus changes in this case?Name 1 investigation to confirm this diagnosis.Classify drugs used to treat this condition.PMC
Im not sure but CHRONIC IRIDOCYCLITIS may be,, no other condition fulfills all the parameters.

--A 4 week old baby is brought to u with white pipillary reflex in both eyes,Fundus details r hazy.Ocular ultrasound reveals vitreoretinal echography,
diagnosis?risk involved if left untreated and how can u prevent it?
treatment.(CPMC)
I think baby has HEREDITARY BILATERAL RETINOBLASTOMA or cong.cataract.. Can't be sure coz part of the quest is missing.


---A 3yr old boy presented in OPD with rt.leucocorir,D/D(SIMS)
Book.

1 yr old boy brought to u in OPD with bilatereal white pupils,On examination,ant and post chambers r normal with B-scan.
Whats ur diagnosis?
What r the causes of leucocoria
What r the causes of congenital cataract(NSMC)
(BOOK)


A male normotensive non diabetic 65 yrs of age complains of gradual painless blurring of vision,On examinations both pupils r white,His vision is reduced to counting fingers on both sides and his IOP is normal and both pupils react to light.
Provisional diagnosis?
complications occuring if left untreated?
different surgical methods to treat?
Enumerate 4 problems during surgical procedurePMC
REPEATING


---Enlist pre-operative complications of cataract Extraction
Write down advantages of phacoemulsifictaion over ECCE(UMDC)
(book) pre op complications mein anesthesia and operative complications.

A 4 yr old boy presents with defective vision,on slit lamp bimicroscopy with dilated pupils revealed bilateral moderate opacification of inner lamellae of lens surrounded by clear lamellae with riders at the margins of the opacity,whats the name given to this type of cataract?Name 4 other types of cataract in small babies?management?(WMC)
Characteristic Congenital LAMELLER (zonular) cataract.
Rest from book.


PUPIL
----Horners syndrome definition or causes(FMH)
neurological syndrome caused by lesion in sympathetic pathway in head and neck. Causes are central , pre ganglionic and post ganglionic

OCULAR INJURIES
i---A young man working in chemical factory presented in eye OPD with installation of some chemical in both eyes.emergency treatment?Give medical treatment of grade 2 and 3 injury,complications which can develop if he is not treated?SMC
chemical injury...emergency treatment wash eye immediately with plenty of clean water. Acid and alkalies neutralised. Lime particles pcked up with forceps and EDTA applied as neutralising agent. For grade 2 and 3.. treat corneal ulcer, steriod, antibiotics, cycloplegic, ascorbate, tetracyclic ointment. 
Complication are acute and long term mostly symplephron and corneal ulcer
---A pt was doing whitewash in a house,he got a splash of wash in his eye
What is the immediate measure to b taken
What type os chmical injury has occured
What r the delayed effects of chemical injury in this(FMH)
(chemical injury)

-------A 15 yr old girl received trauma on lt.eye with sulphuric acid,On examination there was severe conjunctival congestion and corneal haze
HOW WILL U MANAGE THIS PATIENT?
What complications will occur if these pts r not managed properly?(UMDC)
(chemical injury) emergency and medical treatment

-A young pt working in stone crushing factory presented to u with acute pain.lacrimation and marked decreased vision of rt.eye.History reveals fall of dust in affected eye during work,On examination conjunctiva is congested,corneal haze and infiltrate against pupillary area,Give spot diagnosis?treatment of this case?4 complications if pt is neglected?(Foreign body)
SMC 
-An 18 yr old boy received tennis ball injury presented in ER with severe pain and
-- loss of vision,How will u investigate?Give clinical features?MMDC
(blunt trauma)

SQUINT
-A 5 yr old school boy presented in OPD with rt.eye convergent squint.History reveals that the misalignment is more marked while reading.How wil u evaluate this pt?treatment options?
.SMC non paralytic
A 70yr old male presented with drooping of lt.eyelid and diplopia,On examination eye was deviated downward and outward with normal pupillary reaction,How will u evaluate the case?investigations?diagnosis?(3rd nerve)MMDC

---A 9yr old boy presesnts with lazy eye(amblyopia),causes of amblyopia?treatment?(WMC)

----A patient 35 years of age complains of H/O blurring of vision at near.He doesnot have refractive error.He has also noticed misalignment of eyes sometimes which is outward
Give examination and probable diagnosis(FMH)
paralytic squint

-A female of 55 yrs complains of severe drooping of left upper eyelid since the past 1 week,On lifting eyelid was found to b diverted temporally and pt reported diplopia.provisionl diagnosis?Describe the abnormal extraocular movements in this case,Name 2 causes of this problem.PMC
paralytic squint....diplopia causes are paralytic squint, myesthenia gravis, tyhroid ophtalmopathy
-A male child of 5 yr presented with inward deviation of lt.eye since early childhood.Examination shows left esotropia of 30 degree.His vision was 6/6 in rt eye,and 6/60 in lt.eye.Cycloplegic refraction revelealed no refractive error,Why vision in lt.eye is poor?How vision can b improved?Which type of muscle surgery will correct this deviation.
PMC
due to convergent squint.. lateral rectus muscle surgery required. Treatment includes optical correction, occlusion, orthoptic and operative
----regarding squint
whats the difference b/w accomodative and non-accomodative?
Mention two tests to measure squint?
How will u manage a 2 yr old child with accomodative esotropia?(CPMC)
paralytic and non paralytc
---What r different types esotropia?Write down management of accomodative esotropia?(UMDC)


VITREOUS (hemmorhage)
---A young boy is known myopic having 10DS myopia.He has noticed floaters in his rt.eye with painless sussen decreased vision.
Give investigations and possible diagnosis(FMH)

UVEAL TRACT
---An 85 yr old male comes to u H/O red eye,watering,severe pain,He also gives history of joint pain and neck pain.
Diagnosis?D/D?Management?(SZMC) acute iridocyclitis

A 55 yr old diabetic pt complains of severe pain and decreased vision in hs rt eye,He was operated for cataract extraction with IOL implant 3 days ago,Examination shows ciliary congestion and hypopyon with absent fundal glow.Provisional diagnosis?Give 4 measures to prevent this complication,How will u traet this acse?PMC
endophthalmitis
---A 30 yr old man with history of backache presented wth mild eyeache,photophobia and visual disturbane,his best corrected V/A R/E was 6/12 and 6/6 L/E.IOP was 10mmHg R/E and 14mmHg L/E.Slip lamp examination shows a reaction in ant.chamber(cells(+2,Flare+2) in RT Eye.L/E ant.chamber was normal.Diagnosis?anatomical classification of disease?treatment of this case?(RMC)
acute iridocyclitis
---Discus clinical features of acute ant.uveitis?(SIMS)
--60 yr old man presents with pain,redness and photophobia of both eyes.On examination theres circumcorneal congestion,and dull ant.segment details,Greyish white deposits r noted on back surface of cornea.
Tabulate 2 clinical methods to perform with expected clinical findings in each.
diagnosis?
what r the most imp investigations in this case?(CPMC)
acute iridocyclitis

-----An 85 yr old male comes to u with red eye,watering and severe pain,He also give shistory of joint and neck pain.
gv diagnossis
D/D
Management?(NSMC)
acute iridocyclitis

---A 35 yr old female presented with ocular discomfort,photophobia and circumcorneal congestion?(UMDC)
Give D/Ds
Give management of ant,uveitis?(UMDC)
anterior uveitis 

---A 55 yr old male operated in District hospital for rt.cataract extraction with IOL implantation 3 days back,He presented in eye emergency with decreased vision,severe pain.redness and swelling of rt.upper eyelid,On examination there was a severe reaction and hypopyon in ant.chamber,fundus view wasnt cleay due to ahze in vitreous,he was diagnosed as rt.endophthalmitis,discuss treatment(medical and surgical of this patient(SIMS)
GLAUCOMA
--A 65 yr old lady complains of headache,vomiting painful red eye with decreased vision for past 12 days,she gives H?O coloured halos around light in past,On examination she as corneal edema,shallow ant chamber and hypermature cataract,IOP=50 mm Hg,diagnosis?emergency treatment?surgical treatment?(WMC)
acute congestive glaucoma
A 70yr old patient(female) presented with severe ocular pain in lt.eye.History revealed decreased vision for last 1 yr,and rt.eye cataract surgery 2 yrs back.Examination of lt.eye shows shallow ant.cjamber,fixed and mid dilated pupil with an opaque lens.provisional diagnosis?Write emergency prescription for management of this patient.?What is definite treatment option for this patient.PMC
glaucoma and cataract.

A middle aged lady presented with painful red eye and gross decerase n vision for the past 1 day,she complained of seeing halos in both eyes on and off for the past 2 months,On examination visual acuity was hand movement and circumcorneal congestion and dilated vertically oval pupil shallow anterior chamber was present.Diagnosis?treatment options?MMDC
acute congestive glaucoma 

5 causes of ectopic lentisSMC
-A 50 yr male presentde in OPD eye for routine examination,Onexamination vision was 6/6 in both eyes and IOP was 36mmHG,On examination ant.chambers were deep and both pupils were slow in reacting to light.provisional diagnosis.What wil b the fundus changes in this case?Name 1 investigation to confirm this diagnosis.Classify drugs used to treat this condition. PMC
Primary angle closure glaucoma suspect

55yr old hypertensive lady presented with acute pain in rt.eye and theres also profound loss of vision.Cornea is hazy,IOP pressure is 60mmHg with mid dilated pupil and shallow anterior chamber.diagnsis>treatment? Angle closure glaucoma
SMC

----An old lady was having visual deficit since long but not seeking medical advice due to family inattention,She suddenly developed pain in lt,eye with watering and redness,Her vision was light perception only,pupil wasnot recating to light and lens was white and opaque,she was diagnosed as lens induced glaucoma.
Whats the pathogenesis of lens induced glaucoma?
Whats emergency treatment of this case?
What r surgical problems of such cases?(RMC)

-Wat is normal peripheral field of vision and by which methods can v check it
Write down different field defects in optic nerve lesions(FMH

---A 45 yr old male comes to u with H/O headache,vomiting and pain in rt.eye,Examination shows corneal edema and shallow ant.chamber and IOP 50mmHg.
Diagnosis?D/D?Management?(SZMC)
congestive glaucoma 

-A 2 yr old child presents in OPD with small pupil,ptosis of small degree and iris hypopigmenation
Most likely diagnosis?What ohter signs wud u look for?what advice will b given as ergards the time of surgery?(WMC) horner syndrome

---A middle aged male previously healthy and ahving no visual compplaints presented to eye dept for routine checkup.His best corrected vision was 6/6 for distant N6 for reading glasses,However his iop was 25mmHg in Rt.eye and 22mmHg.
Clinical features of POAG?
Name the visual field defects in POAG?
treatment(RMC)
---Discuss clinical featutes of acute congestive glaucoma?(SIMS)
---A 45 yr old male comes to u with H/O headache,vomiting and pain in rt.eye,Examination shows corneal edema and shallow ant.chamber and IOP 50mmHg.
Diagnosis?D/D?Management?(SZMC+NSMC) acute congestive glaucoma 

---a 55 yr old patient with severe ocular pain,in his rt.eye and vomiting,on examination theres marked decrease in vision,hypermature cataract,raised IOP and shallow ant.chamber
What is D/D
Whats most likely diagnosis
How will u manage this case(UMDC)
Acute cngestive glaucoma 

---A 61yr old lady comes for routine eye examination,her vison becomes 6/6 after refraction,On distant direct ophthalmoscopy her media was clear,fundoscopy showd relatively thinned but pink neuro-retinal rim,cup:disc ratio was 0.9 in both eyes.
What is the most probabale diagnosis
Name 3 tests to support the diagnosis
Briefly describe treatment and follow up plan(CPMC) open angle glaucoma 
VISUAL PATHWAY
A middle aged lady comes to eye opd with H/O rt.eyeball protrusion in 10days duration she has swollen eyelids with incomplete closure of palpebral fissure with decreased vison
give D/Ds and investigations u will do to raech a possible diagnosis(FMH)
proptosis

RETINA
-Parents of a 1 yr old boy presented with lt.white pupil for 2 weeks.On examinattion a white mass was projecting feom retina inward along with blood vessels..DDs?how wil u council the parents?treatment options?MMDC
retinoblastoma

---A 70 yr old male presented to u with sudden painless loss of vision in rt.eye,Hes a known diabetic and hypertensive from the last 20yrs,On examination theres no fundal reflex.
Diagnosis?D/D?Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?Classify diabetic retonopathy with treatment?

A 30yr old male presesnted with sudden painless loss of vision in rt eye,he has type 1 DM since childhood.Examination shows absent red reflex in rt eye and neovascularization of optic nerve head of lt.eye.diagnosis of both eyes?4 possibles signs in lt.eye?How will u treat lt.eye of the patient?PMC

---A poorly controlled diabetic pt developed gross loss of vision of rt.eye.On examination theres no view of fundus.Left fundus shows microanurysms,hard exudates and neovascularization of optic disc.diagnosis?how will u evaluate?treatment?
SMC
--A young diabetic lady presented with gradual decrease in vission in lt.eye which is worse on exposure to sunlight.Give clinical signs on slit lamp experiment.How will u examine retina?treatment options?MMDC
---A 50 yr old diabetic lady with 20 yrs of duration of diabetes presents with gradual painless decreased vision of both eyes.
Give 4 causes of gradual loss of vision?
Diabetic retinopathy, ARMD, cataract, optic atrophy

---What r different risk factors for the development of Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?Write down different methods of management?(UMDC)
What r treatment madalities of diabetic retinopathy?
what is the cause of raised IOP in terminal stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
(WMC)
--A 65yr old lady presented with slowly deteriorating painless visual loss in L/E for last 1 yr,Shes normo-tensive and normo-glycemic,Best corrected V/A R/E is 6/12 and L/E is 6/60,IOP and pupillary reactions to light were both normal.
name 2 most probable causes of this type of visual loss?
Investigations?
surgical options(RMC) Age related macular degeneration(ARMD) , cataract

----A young myopic pt is diagnosed as a case of retinal detachment
explain clinical features
Whats the expected of detachment in this case and the surgical plan
What is the prognosis and y
what wil u choose b/w urgent/late/delayed intervention in this case and y?(CPMC)

A 50 yr old known NDIIM lady for the past 10 years was undergoing routine oculat check up.
classify diabetic retinopathy
How will investigate such a case
What r the diffrent treatment options 4 diabetic retinopathy(RMC)
---Classify diabetic retinopathy with its treatment madalities?(SIMS)


ORBIT
---A 70 yr old banker developed foreign body sensation and tearing in both eyes,ocular examination revealed retraction of rt.upper eyelid.Past history revealed treatment of GRaves for past 1 yr,
List 6 other ocular features of this disease?treatment?(WMC)
graves ophthalmopathy

LACRIMAL SYSTEM
A 4 month old baby boy os brught to OPD and mother complains of rt,eye full of tears,small palpabral fissure and lashes matted together,diagnosis?treatment options?(WMC)
congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
-A 4 months old child presented with epiphora from rt.eye since birth.Diagnosis?management?at what age intervention shud b don.MMDC
congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

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