Pharmacology Mnemonics

1)    Anti-hypertensives used in emergencies...
Singh & Gambhir HELP

S-sodium nitroprusside
G-GTN
H-hydralazine
E-esmolol
L-lab
etalol
P-phentolamine…..

Ca++ channel blockers: uses CA++ MASH:
Cerebral vasospasm/ CHF
Angina
Migranes
Atrial flutter, fibrillation
Supraventricular tachycardia
Hypertension

Cholinergics (eg organophosphates): effects
If you know these, you will be "LESS DUMB":
Lacrimation
Excitation of nicotinic synapses
Salivation
Sweating
Diarrhea
Urination
Micturition
Bronchoconstriction

Amiodarone: action, side effects 6 P's:
Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
.


2)    Methyldopa: side effects
METHYLDOPA:
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity
psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism

Chloroquine: uses
" My RED LIP "
•    Malaria
•    Rhematoiid arthritis
•    Extraintestinal amoebiasis
•    DLE
•    Lepra reaction
•    Infectious mononucleosis
•    Photogenic reactions


Respiratory depression inducing drugs
"STOP breathing":
Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins


Drugs causing gynaecomastia.
‎"DESI Gossypol R Most Common Cause oF Gynaecomastia in Kommon People"

D- Digitalis
E-Ethionamide,Estrogen
S-Spirinolactone
I- INH

Gossypol-Griseofulvin
R- Reserpine
Most-Methyl dopa
Common- Cyperoterone acetate,cimitidine,
Cause-clomiphine,Calcium antagonist
oF-Flutamide
Gynaecomastia- Goserelin
Kommon-Ketoconazole
People-Phenytoin.

Aminoglycosides: common characteristics
AMINO:
Active Against Aerobic gram negative
Mechanism of resistance are Modifying enzymes
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit
Nephrotoxic
Ototoxic

Opioids: effects
BAD AMERICANS:
Bradycardia & hypotension
Anorexia
Diminished pupilary size
Analgesics
Miosis
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction)
Constipation
Ameliorate cough reflex
Nausea and vomiting
Sedations
Antimuscarinics: members, action
"Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweat":
Ipratropium
Pirenzepine
Atropine
Scopolamine
• Muscarinic receptors at all parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.


B2agonist......SMART
1)Salmeterol

2)Metaproterenol

3)Albuterol

4)Ritodrine

5)Terbutaline.

Captopril (an ACE inhibitor): side effects
CAPTOPRIL:
Cough
Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis
Proteinuria/ Potassium excess
Taste changes
Orthostatic hypotension
Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure drop (first dose hypertension)
Renal failure (and renal artery stenosis contraindication)/ Rash
Indomethacin inhibition
Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity


Drugs causing lupus like symptoms

SHIP
sulfonamide
hydralazine
isoniazid
procanamide



Drugs causing gynaecomastia.
DISCO

Digitalis
INH
Spironolactone
Cimetidine
Oestrogen

drugs causing hypokalemia

B-beta2 agonists
A-Amphotericin B
D-Digoxin
F-Furesemide,Foscarnet
I-Insulin
T-Thiazide

Direct sympathomimetic catecholamines
DINED:
Dopamine
Isoproterenol
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine


Dose related adr of tetracylines
KAPIL DEV
K-KIDNEY DAMAGE
A-ANTIANABOLIC EFFECT
P-PHOTOTOXICITY
I-INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
L-LIVER DAMAGE
D-DIABETES INSIPIDUS
E-TEETH AND BONES
V-VESTIBULAR TOXICITY



Sulfonamide: major side effects
• Sulfonamide side effects:
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Skin rash
Solubility low (causes crystalluria)
Serum albumin displaced (causes newborn kernicterus and potentiation of other serum albumin-binders like warfarin)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): side effects, contraindications, interactions
HMG-CoA:
• Side effects:
Hepatotoxicity
Myositis [aka rhabdomyolysis]
• Contraindications:
Girl during pregnancy/ Growing children
• Interactions:
Coumarin/ Cyclosporine

PHENYTOIN TOXICITY
5H's

Hyperplasia of gums
Hyperglycemia
Hirsutism
Hypersensitivity
Hydontoin Syndrome

ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING

DUMBLES

D=diaphoresis
U=urination
M=meiosis
B=bowl motility(incresed)
L=Lacrimation
E=emesis
S=salivation


METRONIDAZOLE-SPECTRUM OF ACTION
SPECTRUM OF ACTION
A-Amoebiasis
B-Bacteroides fragilis
C-Clostridium perfringens
D-Dracunculus medinensis
E-Pseudomembranus Enterocolitis
F-Fusobacterium
G-Giardiasis
H-Helicobacter Pylori
S-Anaerobic Streptococci
T-Trichomonas

Tricyclic antidipressents (TCA): side effects
TCA'S:
Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac (arrhymia, MI, stroke)
Anticholinergic (tachycardia, urinary retention, etc)
Seizures


Inhibitors of p450:
IC(see) KEGS (going down)
INH, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin,Grapefruit,Sulfonamides

Zero order kinetics drugs (most common ones)
"PEAZ (sounds like pees) out a constant amount":
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin
Zero order

Steroids: side effects
BECLOMETHASONE:
Buffalo hump
Easy bruising
Cataracts
Larger appetite
Obesity
Moonface
Euphoria
Thin arms & legs
Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Skin thinning
Osteoporosis
Negative nitrogen balance
Emotional liability

Second line anti tubercular drugs

  Please TAKE Carbon Copy

Paraaminosalicylic acid
Thiacetazone
Amikacin
Kanamycin
Ethinamide
Cycloserine
Capreomycine

Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor location
"You have 1 heart and 2 lungs":
Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart.
Beta-2 primarily on lungs.

Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Picture diabetic and asthmatic kids riding away on a cart that rolls on pinwheels.
Pindolol and Carteolol have high and moderate ISA respectively, making them acceptable for use in some diabetics or asthmatics despite the fact that they are non-seletive beta blockers.

TOM thumb for short acting Benzodiazepines.
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam

(Triazolam is the drug of choice for sleep on overnight flight.)

Thalidomide: effect on cancer cells
"Thalidomide makes the blood vessels hide":
Use thalidomide to stop cancer cells from growing new blood vessels.

Atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia
"A goes with B":
 Atropine used clinically to treat Bradycardia.

Beta-blocker main contraindications / cautions
ABCDE:
•    Asthma
•    Block (heart block)
•    COPD
•    Diabetes mellitus
•    Electrolyte (hyperkalemia

Inhibition of Choline uptake during ACh synthesis
HICUp ":

Hemicholinium Inhibits Acetyl Choline Uptake
(Choline Uptake is the rate limiting step in ACh synthesis)

Quinolones [and Fluoroquinolones]: mechanism
"Topple the Queen":
Quinolone interferes with Topoisomerase II.

•    First Generation Cephahlosporins - Remember this story:
Mr. Fazol (ceFAZOLin) is a Lorry Driver (cephaLORIdine). He works very hard and has become Thin (cephaloTHIN) He has a "Rad" Watch on his hand (cephRADine) and a "Lux" soap (cephaLEXin). He wears a bright green Drawer {i.e trousers} ( cefaDROxil)

Route of drug administration: He will put the Lux soap in his Drawer - (Cefalexin & Cefradine are given orally. The latter can also be given i.v. /.i.m.. All others- i.v. /.i.m)
•    Second Generation Cephalosporins: Remember FOX, FUR, FAC - ceFOXitin, ceFURoxime, ceFAClor
•    Third Generation Cephalosporins - The story goes thus:
Mr. Aziz (ceftAZIdime) is taking an Ox (ceftizOXime, cefpodOXime) in a Taxi (cefoTAXIme) for slaughtering, i.e. an Operation (cefOPERAZONE). For this purpose he is taking Three Axon blades (cefTRIAXONe). He will Fix (ceFIXime) the ox for dinner (cefDINIR) in a short time!

Route of drug administration: Fix the price and eat (only Cefixime is given oral: all others im/iv).

ADRs: Operation will cause bleeding (Cefoperazone cause bleeding)
•    Fourth Generation Cephalosporins:
My wierd dream:  QUEEN of ROME who FLEW to OZONE layer, fell down and was made IP (Inpatient) by ME. Helps you to remember fourth generation cephalosporins - Cefquinome, Cefpirome, Cefluprenam, Cefozopran, Cefipime.

Morphine vs. Amphetamine :Pupils in overdose
"MorPHINE: Fine and  AmPHETamine: Fat"
Morphine overdose: pupils constricted (fine)
Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated (fat)

Reversible Anticholinesterases ( antiChEs )
" Car PPENDoRi ": Read as "carpentry"
Reversible Anticholiesterases belonging to Carbamates are
•    Physostigmine
•    Pyridostigmine
•    Edrophonium
•    Neostigmine
•    Donepezil
•    Rivastigmine

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